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Showing posts with label Higher Ed. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Higher Ed. Show all posts

Thursday, September 03, 2009

PHEAA Wrongfully Collected $92 Million from Taxpayers

PHEAA is being sued along with other student loan agencies for taking advantage of a federal government loophole allowing them to wrongfully collect $92 million. In the 1980's, the federal government enacted a subsidy program guaranteeing a 9.5% return on a limited class of student loans. By reusing older loans and packaging them with new ones, PHEAA reaped millions in profits at the taxpayer's expense.

When confronted with this serious case of fraud, the Department of Education didn't even attempt to recover the funds. A 2007 settlement with Nelnet--the worst abuser of the scheme receiving more than $400 million in over payments--did not require the loan company to repay the federal government. It was left to a DOE researcher, Jon Oberg, to bring the suit on behalf of the federal government.

PHEAA was among the first agencies to employ the scheme--clearing the path for other agencies to follow. The lawsuit implies PHEAA relied on the authority of the Education Finance Council to justify their practices; this is disconcerting since the group has close ties with the Department of Education and Republican staff on the House Education Committee.

It's amazing that such flagrant abuse of the system was disregarded for so long. This is a perfect example of why state and federal governments should not be in the student loan business.

Tuesday, September 01, 2009

PA’s Prepaid Tuition Program Under Fire

State Treasurer Robert McCord announced yesterday he is delaying increased premiums on Pennsylvania’s Guaranteed Savings Plan, which allows parents to purchase college tuition credits at current prices and redeem them when their student enters college.

The program, which currently has over 89,000 enrollments and a $1.1 billion dollar budget, is facing a deficit of over $222 million dollars due to lower than expected returns.

Chairman of the Senate Education Committee, Sen. Jeff Piccola (R-15), released a subsequent statement calling for exhaustive reforms of the Tuition Savings Plan. "There is absolutely no way the taxpayers of this Commonwealth can be responsible for any deficit this program may incur," Piccola remarked.

Wednesday, July 29, 2009

PA Senate Democrats Still Playing Games

Yesterday, the Senate rejected a bill to fund the University of Pittsburgh by a 30-20 vote.  (It was actually 30 'yes' votes, but the bill needed 2/3 majority to pass.  It it is one of several "non-prefered" bills - for state-related universities, museums, and so forth - that are funding outside the general appropriations act).

But the no votes were not the result of the belief the bill spent too much, or even too little, but on the grounds that it is "unconstitutional and unwise" to vote on funding for state universities until after the budget is completed.

Of course, Senate Democrats didn't have a problem when they voted on "non-prefereds" before they voted on  the general appropriation bill in 2008, or in 2007, or in 2006, or before the budget was finalized in 2005. 

Were all those acts unconstitutional?  Can we force state-related universities and museums to pay back the money they were awarded then?  Or are Senate Democrats just playing a political game and throwing around the term "unconstitutional" to make themselves seem relevant in the budget debate?

Tuesday, July 14, 2009

Will "State-Related" Universities Get Stimulus Funding, No Stimulus Funding, or No Funding at All?

On June 26th the Governor submitted his application for federal stabilization funds, including the following phrase:“The Commonwealth’s “state-related universities” are excluded from all calculations for purposes of the State Fiscal Stabilization Fund." While these four institutions (Penn State, University of Pittsburgh, Temple and Lincoln University) receive limited taxpayer support, they do so through a non-preferred appropriation which is defined as “an appropriation to any charitable or educational institution not under the absolute control of the Commonwealth”.

On July 7th, Rendell told (1:10:50) the US House Republican Committee on Oversight and Reform,"Understand, the four state-related schools, Penn State, Pitt, Temple, etc., are getting stabilization money. The cuts that they are receiving would be much worse without the stimulus. Much worse."

Confused? So are we.

In reality, an 18% cut in state subsidies should not dictate a necessary increase in tuition given that the subsidies make up a small part of the universities' overall budgets, and as we note in our policy brief on higher education - increased government subsidies are partly to blame for tuition increases.

Yesterday the House Democrats threw another monkey wrench into this, when they tweaked the Governor's budget proposal to take higher education out of the state budget entirely, until a new revenue source is found.

Monday, July 13, 2009

PA Budget Craziness

Alright, I'm still trying to figure out what the Pennsylvania House Democrats did to the state budget proposal today in the Appropriations Committee. But here's the basics:

They took HB 1416, which was the Governor's original budget proposal, (click here for the spreadsheet that includes the Rendell budget and SB 850) and offered an amendment no one has seen and isn't available online, but basically:

  • Make many of the changes Rendell had asked for with his modifications, but not all, to the original budget proposal.
  • Eliminates all funding for higher education ($1.2 billion last year), with promises to fund that in a separate bill with new taxes that are yet to be determined. This would probably be the PIT increase, which Rendell said would be temporary, so higher education funding would be eliminated in three years.
  • Spends $27.8 billion.
They then sent SB 850, the version of the budget passed by the Pennsylvania Senate in May, to the full House without amendment, but did give it a "negative recommendation"

Here is my reaction, re-enacted by Peter Griffin.

Tuesday, June 23, 2009

How Colleges are Cutting Costs

Two recent articles in the New York Times prove universities can cut costs without decreasing the quality of education.

  • Susquehanna University saved almost $3,000 as students participated in a contest to reduce energy consumption. Participating dorms received 25% of the savings.
  • Dickinson College is saving $150,000 by cutting back on free laundry for students and the school held a virtual swim meet saving about $900 in travel costs.
  • And my favorite, Carleton College in Minnesota saved $75,000 by cutting free access to HBO and ESPN in college dorms.
In related news PHEAA's board approved a resolution to cut the number of legislators on the board from 16 to 12. Auditor general Jack Wagner wasn't impressed, his audit called for a 50% reduction or 8 lawmakers.

For more cost cutting suggestions check out our policy brief on higher ed.

Tuesday, April 28, 2009

Rethinking Financial Aid for Higher Ed

Andrew Gillen of the Center for College Affordability and Productivity has an interesting analysis of the effects of federal and state financial aid programs for colleges and universities.  Namely, that current higher education subsidies encourage higher costs, and thus higher tuition and other charges to students.

Specifically, financial aid programs fuel an arms race in spending among schools. Programs are structured in such a way that governments are essentially subsidizing the inflation of college costs. Schools generally cannot compete with each other by demonstrating that they provide a better education than others, because the outputs of school (learning and its consequences in a value added sense) are not measured. Since there are not generally accepted measures of outputs, and it is reasonable to think that high quality inputs will lead to high quality outputs, schools compete on inputs instead.
Gillen recommends:
If the goal is to increase equality of opportunity, then financial aid in the form of lump sum subsidies and widespread loans will only be partially effective, and may even be counterproductive. The burden for low-income students may be lowered, but the burden on many will not be affected. ... To avoid contributing to the arms race, grants and loans need to be restricted to low-income students exclusively. Any aid made available to students who can already pay for the cost of attendance will simply encourage schools to try and ‘capture’ that aid, which will then be used to fuel the arms race.
For more recommendations on how Pennsylvania should reform our system of funding higher education, check out our policy brief.

Monday, April 06, 2009

Tuition Relief Act Ready to Fold?

Governor Rendell is still traveling around the state to drum up support for his legalization of video poker scheme. At a recent stop at Reading Area Community College, Gov. Rendell said, "Many families who saved diligently for their children’s education have watched those savings quickly evaporate – through no fault of their own. That’s why it’s essential for the General Assembly to approve my plan right away.”

To qualify for the Governor's Tuition Relief Act a student's family would have to:
  • earn less than $100,000 annually.
  • pay a portion of their tuition – at least $1,000 a year
However, state legislators are not sold. Senator Lisa Baker pointed out the plan would limit student choice. Students have to attend one of the 14 universities or colleges to get a slice of the gambling proceeds. As Lowman Henry explains, the Governor's proposal gives residents of Pennsylvania false hope and increases government bureaucracy. Directly funding students, instead of institutions, would keep universities more accountable and cut down on the bureaucracy necessary to distribute the funds.

Wednesday, March 25, 2009

Higher Education: Focus on Students not Research

A new study from AEI bolsters our claim that higher education's obsession with (often obscure) research lowers the quality of undergraduate education.

Professor Bauerlein's paper entitled "Professors on the Production Line, Students on Their Own," explains the broken incentive system that rewards professors for publishing instead of good teaching. The result? Lots of useless studies on Shakespeare and college students who never interact with their professors outside of the classroom.

Richard Vedder has more at the CCAP blog.

Wednesday, March 18, 2009

Rendell Tells PSU to Cut Costs

Yesterday, the Governor met with the Pennsylvania Tuition Coalition, a student group lobbying the state to include state-related schools, like PSU, in the Governor's tuition relief scheme. Rendell told PSU students that if the university implemented reforms, similar to what we suggested in December, it wouldn't need more state funding.

Rendell: "The emphasis has to go back to the students for a while, and that would be the message I would give the board. There has to be a retrenchment."
Our recommendation: Replace direct state subsidies to universities with scholarship grants to students.

Rendell: Penn State just completed the $60 million Dickinson School of Law building. "You know you have two law schools -- do you think there's any reason for a second law school?". . . "This is a problem."
Our recommendation: Holding students, colleges, and universities accountable for the taxpayer support they receive. We've directly addressed the proliferation of unnecessary construction projects at higher education institutions here.

And of course the Governor came through with one of his rhetorical gems: "I bet you my right arm that I could get in here and cut costs by 5 percent."

Now if only we can convince him to drop his video poker scheme and adopt our final recommendation: Consider a re-organization of state higher education, including the possibility of severing the taxpayers’ financial support to state, state-related, and state-aided universities. Hey, I can dream can't I?

Monday, March 16, 2009

Dormitory Construction Boom

The Pittsburgh Tribune Review has an article on the enormous rise in spending on university buildings, which touches on the current debate in higher ed funding:

A number of colleges in Southwestern Pennsylvania are building residence halls, a mini-boom in construction that is expected to continue.

The cost at five state-owned universities — Indiana, Slippery Rock, California, Edinboro and Clarion — totals $666 million ...


Colleges are replacing the 1960s- or '70s-style housing, he said. Out of fashion are those prison-sized cells with a communal bathroom and showers.

Today's students, accustomed to living in their own rooms at home, seek comparable housing when they go to college.
Just as a reminder, these are the same schools who demanding more taxpayer funding "to keep tuition low"
and would be the beneficiaries of Rendell's video poker scheme.  It is spending like this which has led many to suggest a "no-frills" university, to make college more affordable.

In our policy brief on higher ed, we recommend giving all aid directly to students - in flat grants that do not increase with tuition, or room & board for more luxurious dorms - rather than funding institutions based on the success of their lobbying.  Students can choose between "frill" and "no-frill" institutions, and can choose between "prison-sized" dorm rooms and apartment style living, by paying the added costs themselves, not having taxpayers foot the bill.

Thursday, March 05, 2009

PHEAA: More Wasteful Spending Exposed

On Monday the CEO of the Pennsylvania Higher Education Foundation was fired for excessive travel expenses. Michael Hershock (former head of the PHEAA) spent thousands of taxpayer dollars on upscale hotels, like the Four Seasons in New York.

Apparently Mr. Hershock didn't take the spending reforms implemented after the PHEAA audit seriously. He even refused to resign unless the board provided him with more money. But don't worry, taxpayers will continue to contribute to Hershock's $224,000 a year pension.

Our Government on a Diet report has more on PHEAA's record of extravagant spending.

Wednesday, March 04, 2009

Stimulus money to go to PA Universities

It looks like someone has gotten around to reading the stimulus bill, and realized their is funding for higher education in there.  The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review reports state-related universities (Penn State, University of Pittsburgh, Lincoln University and Temple University) will get $42 million from the federal stimulus money, restoring the 6% state budget cut proposed by the Governor Rendell.

But the universities are not satisfied, "That doesn't represent an increase in our budget," said Penn State president Graham B. Spanier. "It just gets us back to zero."


"If the Legislature could see its way clear to appropriate an increase of some level [then that could result] in a reduction in tuition, but I don't see that as a high-probability event right now," Mr. Spanier said.
State funding makes up a small percentage of these school's overall budgets, some see this as the deeper problem, even though the state has little control over tuition hikes at these schools.

Perhaps their ungrateful attitude is has something to do with being left out as a beneficiary of the governor's proposed video poker tax.  Offering more taxpayer money to institutions without transparency or accountability measures will do nothing to reduce the cost of tuition to students.

Check out our suggested Higher Education Reforms here.

Saturday, February 28, 2009

Time for Universities to Focus on Education

The Philadelphia Inquirer reports on the Pennsylvania State Board of Education's recent suggestion to establish "no-frills" 4-year colleges. The proposal has sparked debate over what constitutes a "frill". Francis Michelini, a retired college president and chair of the board's Higher Education Council said, "You can't recruit a student to live in a gang dorm anymore. Is that a frill?"

As a recent college grad I lived in a "gang style" dorm for two years and it was one of the best experiences of my undergraduate career, but defining what is and is not a frill isn't the point. The point is college is not affordable when the cost increases 3% above inflation annually, and the average PA student graduates $19,047 in debt. It's time to re-think the way our tax dollars are being allocated to higher education universities.

If the state funded students, instead of universities, schools wouldn't have to define frills or defend their funding choices. Instead, students would be able choose between "no frill" and "frill" schools.

Unlike the governor's proposal to legalize and tax video poker, this solution would wouldn't cost tax payers a dime. As we've pointed out in our policy brief, replacing direct state subsidies to universities with scholarship grants to students will make Pennsylvania’s colleges and universities more responsive to the needs of students and less expensive for both families and taxpayers. Along with this reform, we recommend:

  • Halting all state higher education subsidies and making any increase contingent upon freezes in tuition costs and greater spending transparency for taxpayers. 
  • Holding students, colleges, and universities accountable for the taxpayer support they receive.
  • Re-focusing all state institutions on teaching, rather than research.

Wednesday, February 18, 2009

Piccola Offers Alternative Plan for PA Higher Ed

State Sen. Jeff Piccola has a new proposal to offer additional grants directly to Pennsylvania students for higher education, and tie this funding to both schools' holding tuition costs down and to student maintained adequate academic performance. Here is the news release from Piccola's office and a story on the Patriot News website.

This proposal mirrors some of the reforms outlined in our Policy Brief on Pennsylvania higher education.  Our five reforms were:

  1. Immediately halting all state higher education subsidies and making any increase contingent upon freezes in tuition costs and greater spending transparency for taxpayers.
  2. Replacing direct state subsidies to universities with scholarship grants to students.
  3. Holding students, colleges, and universities accountable for the taxpayer support they receive.
  4. Re-focusing all state institutions on teaching, rather than research.
  5. Considering a re-organization of state higher education, including the possibility of severing the taxpayers’ financial support to state, state-related, and state-aided universities. 
You can find our news release on the Piccola proposal here, and you should list to a recent program of The BOX on higher education reform.

Sunday, February 08, 2009

The Great College Hoax

Forbes has an excellent article on the merits of college - and taxpayer subsidies of higher ed - even as Governor Rendell proposes legalized video poker to put more kids into college:

College graduates will earn $1 million more than those with only a high school diploma, brags Mercy College radio ads running in the New York area. The $1 million shibboleth is a favorite of college barkers.
Like many good cons, this one contains a kernel of truth. Census figures show that college grads earn an average of $57,500 a year, which is 82% more than the $31,600 high school alumni make. Multiply the $25,900 difference by the 40 years the average person works and, sure enough, it comes to a tad over $1 million.

But anybody who has gotten a passing grade in statistics knows what's wrong with this line of argument. A correlation between B.A.s and incomes is not proof of cause and effect. It may reflect nothing more than the fact that the economy rewards smart people and smart people are likely to go to college.  ...
Lacking honest input, three-quarters of high schoolers still seek to go on to college, many deluded about the financial prospects it holds ... Half of students entering college never earn a degree. Six in ten African-Americans depart without one.

Wednesday, February 04, 2009

Economists Against Governor Rendell

In his budget address, Governor Rendell cited "conservative" economists who support the stimulus package and his spending proposals, even though they don't. Here is Rendell:

Economists from all around the world agree that it is critically important to invest in programs that help our economy. Even the ultra-conservative Martin Feldstein, who served as Ronald Reagan's Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors and as a principal economic advisor to John McCain, has said: "Another round of one-time tax rebates won't do the job ... The only way to prevent a deepening recession will be a temporary program of increased government spending."

I agree with that advice. Here in Pennsylvania, the key to recovery lies in putting our citizens back to work through continued infrastructure investments, including the ongoing efforts to repair our bridges, roads and mass transit systems, improve our water quality and delivery systems, and expand our rail freight capacity.
Yet Feldstein recently penned an op-ed in the Washington Post calling the stimulus, "an $800 billion mistake." Here is Feldstein:
Postponing the scheduled increase in the tax on dividends and capital gains would raise share prices, leading to increased consumer spending and, by lowering the cost of capital, more business investment.

On the spending side, the stimulus package is full of well-intended items that, unfortunately, are not likely to do much for employment. ...

The largest proposed outlays amount to just writing unrestricted checks to state governments. Nearly $100 billion would result from increasing the "Medicaid matching rate," a technique for reducing states' Medicaid costs to free up state money for spending on anything governors and state legislators want. An additional $80 billion would be given out for "state fiscal relief." Will these vast sums actually lead to additional spending, or will they merely finance state transfer payments or relieve state governments of the need for temporary tax hikes or bond issues?

A large fraction of the stimulus proposal is devoted to infrastructure projects that will spend out very slowly, not with the speed needed to help the economy in 2009 and 2010.

All new spending and tax changes should have explicit time limits that prevent ever-increasing additions to the national debt. Similarly, spending programs should not create political dynamics that will make them hard to end.
Yeah, so he doesn't seem to agree with Rendell at all. Nor is it true, as Rendell claimed, "Respected economists of every ideological stripe agree that it [a massive government stimulus] is the only choice for our economic recovery." As David Boaz writes, there are "exactly zero libertarian or conservative economists on that much-touted spectrum." Hundreds of economists have opposed the stimulus plan , which Rendell is mimicking in his budget.

And Neal McCluskey and Adam Schaeffer note that Higher Education spending has not delivered economic returns:
[T]he overall trend for state and local expenditures per full-time-equivalent college student held steady at around $7,000 over the past 25 years. Enrollment, however, increased by more than a third, inflating the overall taxpayer bill. And student aid - most of which came through government - nearly tripled, hitting $10,392.

What are the returns on this outlay? Nada or negative. ...

Of course, we did get a few things for our money, like campus-based rock climbing walls, nicer dormitories, and ballooning administrative ranks. But these don't increase human capital or confer economic benefits. In fact, economist Richard Vedder has shown that greater state expenditures on higher education are correlated with lower economic growth.
Six years of Rendell's stimulus is enough.

Tuesday, February 03, 2009

PA Budget Proposals: Cut the Fat, Play Poker

Sen. John Eichelberger unveiled a proposal today to issue a moratorium on "earmarks", the legislative-controlled WAMs and other items.  The proposal also calls for a review of all these discretion funds - where the money goes, who makes the requests, etc.  This proposal would save taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars.

On the other hand, Governor Rendell wants to take more money from taxpayers, by encouraging them to play video poker to pay for his higher ed program.  I'm going to avoid discussing the moral implications of legalizing gambling (I'll leave that to Cato and PA Family Institute). 

Instead, I will note:

Monday, February 02, 2009

More Subsidies for Higher Education

Governor Rendell is proposing an increase of $128 million in tuition aide for students at PASSHE schools. There's no question that skyrocketing tuition is hitting families hard, but throwing more money at the problem is like taking a Tylenol for a burst appendix. Not to mention the Governor hasn't said how the state will fund the increase in a year when the budget deficit is well over $2 billion.

If state officials are so worried about educating Pennsylvanians why not give students financial aide without dictating what schools they must attend? Why reward universities with more money when they continue to raise tuition?

For the past 30 years, government has been telling us that more subsidies will make education more accessible and affordable; instead, tuition has continually outpaced inflation. The higher education system is in serious trouble and the sooner we hold universities and students (via grades and years of schooling) accountable for the taxpayer funds they receive, the sooner we can stop tution hikes.

For more on higher education funding click here.

Monday, January 05, 2009

Human Capital Contracts: The Future of Higher Ed Funding?

National Center for Policy Analysis summarize the idea of "human capital contracts" to finance student's higher education costs. Essentially these contracts constitute agreeing to pay a set percentage of the recipients income (over a set number of years) in exchange for funds for higher education.  Given the inefficiency in how we currently finance higher education, it might be a good idea to look to a financing mechanism that invests in success.

The idea of human capital contract is also discussed in a recent article in The American and in a report by the Cato Institute.